Tubular vs flat webbing vs nylon fabric which is better. This goes without saying! Webbing Widths.

Tubular vs flat webbing vs nylon fabric which is better The abrasion resistance of Nylon webbing makes it ideal for applications where mechanical stress may occur. I can easily tighten a 70 foot tubular line using this method. and tubular nylon like pink tube or any other tube. All nylon webbings melt at 380 degrees Fahrenheit, but the strength, available widths, suitable uses and colors vary with each variety. Learn which webbing suits your needs, read customer reviews, and explore a variety of options. These days most people choose to purchase sewn Nylon runners because they are a bit more secure and are less bulky. Flat Webbing. Paracord is considered one of the all-around best types of rope for various utilities because it is strong, abrasion-resistant and shock-resistant. For heavy-weight applications like industrial or military gear, consider using Tex 92 or even Tex 138 thread for added strength. Styles & Customization: Lanyard styles vary, from simple, flat fabric strips to beaded or woven varieties. Tubular webbing is generally thicker and more flexible than flat webbing. While polyester holds shape well and resists stretching, if you Dec 6, 2021 · So for a fair comparison between Flat and tubular batteries, we will compare a flooded flat battery with a flooded tubular battery. Nylon webbing has never been very good in the sun. Tubular Webbing - This is a more flexible webbing than flat webbing, and it's usually thicker than its counterpart. - 1800lbs. Specifically, we recommend Solid Braid Nylon Ropes and Diamond Braid Nylon Ropes for water applications. It can withstand heavy loads, harsh climate conditions, and chemicals. Discover the strengths and applications of flat vs. This goes without saying! Webbing Widths. When using flat nylon webbing, it can easily get caught or snagged on rough, disheveled rocks. it will last twice as long . Abrasion damage occurs when a round sling encounters a rough surface with enough force to wear down the protective sleeve, potentially exposing the inner fibres. It works well in filters, coverings, and hoses where a tube is needed, although it too, can lie flat. Obtainable widths for size tubular webbing contain 1” and 5/8”. Aug 13, 2019 · Nylon Rope is one of the strongest rope materials for sailing and marine use or for basic knot tying. Flat nylon meaning type 18, rubberband, etc. Nylon webbing is affordable and versatile making it one of the most popular types of webbing on the market. Tubular webbing on the other hand is far more supple and holds knots nicely. This tubular webbing naturally ‘’rolls’’ around rock, avoiding cuts and abrasions; an excellent choice for those who seek an adrenaline rush. is the tensile strength of the 2” width. Sep 11, 2023 · The main difference between tubular webbing and standard webbing is in their construction. Paracord vs. Regardless of its material composition Aug 3, 2016 · While the flat shape is well suited for applications in which material is sewn directly into a larger product, it can be susceptible to abrasion due to its stiffer nature in comparison to tubular webbing. Flat webbing (also known as flat rope) refers to a solid weave as seen every day in seat belts, webbing for lawn chairs, and most backpack straps. May 7, 2018 · I recently purchased some 1/2" nylon webbing from Apogee. I'm wondering how the limberness of Kevlar compares to nylon of equal strength. Tape and webbing are two industry terms that mean the same thing: a thin strip of fabric. Here at Strapworks, tubular webbing is available in nylon and polyester, and comes in an In rock climbing, nylon webbing is used in slings, runners, harnesses, anchor extensions, and quickdraws. A Practical Guide for Understanding Webbing and Tape. Top quality, great selection and expert advice you can trust. As one of the most wear-resistant fibres available, it is ideal for use in tubular fabrics. In recent years, the use of webbing has become increasingly prevalent in various industries, particularly for rigging applications in rescue and work at height situations. Polyester webbing has high UV resistance and strength. When shopping for nylon webbing, it is important to take the time to investigate the type of weave of the webbing. The customization potential for lanyards is extensive; they can . Apr 24, 2017 · And while it can be tremendously strong, it is not as strong as tubular webbing of the same size. This is an example of a round sling And, thanks to the round slings endless loops, they provide a much better choke hold than webbing slings and the pressure point of the load can keep changing, unlike the fixed ends of webbing slings. Strength Elastic Cord & Webbing stocks a variety of flat webbing material, including cotton webbing, polyester webbing, nylon webbing, and polypro webbing. Webbing is the often overlooked, yet incredibly important little brother to rope. I might suggest google as a research tool. But for experienced climbers, tubular webbing makes a serious case of being better with all the advantages it can get during the climbing activity. Nylon fabric by itself is well-known for its capacity to stretch without breaking and it can also return to its original shape. 13 Oct Webbing is a strong, woven fabric, either as a flat strip or tubular, used in place of rope. There are two types of webbing: tubular and flat. com Depending on material and thickness options, webbing has different breaking strengths. Webbing Materials & Uses Nylon Webbing Jan 14, 2019 · In the polyester sling vs nylon sling matchup, the winner is whichever one meets the demands of your specific job best. Properties: Soft and pliable, this style allows for Polyester is a common choice for webbing in the outdoor industry because it is strong, does not stretch, is UV-stable, and does not absorb water. The decision between flat and tubular webbing hinges on the specific demands of the project, including factors like the need for flexibility, comfort, and visual appeal. It's also more pliable, so knots tied with it are both easier to create and stronger. Feb 11, 2016 · Nylon is also super colorful. Apr 20, 2017 · In our life, we usually use webbing materials are nylon and polyester, but which is better nylon or polyester? Today, EP manufacturers give you the answer. Tubular nylon webbing, often used in climbing ropes, is designed to handle extreme loads. While polyester holds shape well and resists stretching, if you Jun 16, 2024 · The material of the webbing and thread should complement each other. Plus, nylon is more resilient under stress and offers greater durability and abrasion resistance. Polyester, nylon, and polypropylene webbing are all very durable Dec 18, 2010 · It takes relatively little abrasion to saw through webbing that is under tension. It does not hold knots very well which is the largest limiting factor. Climbing Webbing. The choice of webbing type depends on the specific application and requirements of the task at hand. Its material composition includes various types of polypropylene, nylon, polyester and cotton. Tubular webbing’s soft and pliable nature allows for different uses than its flat counterpart. While bulkier than tubular webbing, flat webbing provides higher strength and knot reliability, making it a preferred choice for anchor systems. Webbing is a strong fabric woven in a flat strip and is often used in place of rope. There are two types of webbing: Tubular webbing is the standard for climbing. The tensile strength of 1” tubular nylon webbing is approximately 4,000 lbs. It is a versatile component used in clothing, climbing, automobile safety, commercial transportation, towing, military apparel, sports goods and many other fields. It is far and away the most common webbing. Oct 28, 2021 · OTEX has a wide range of webbing options, but the strongest material is High Tensile Webbing. Before the mid-90's, all slings and runners were made of Nylon, and most of them were simple pieces of one-inch tubular webbing hand tied into a circular sling. Bulk webbing is sold by the foot, in spools or in sections. It should be used when the stiffness of the fabric is a concern. flat webbing vs tubular webbing. Can be used as traditional webbing, laid flat, or it can be opened and used as a sleeve for chafe protection! Jan 3, 2025 · When it comes to lifting heavy loads, choosing the right type of sling is crucial for ensuring safety and efficiency. And with climbing, knowing that your rope is ultra-strong is a major help for peace of mind. Its construction makes it resistant to abrasions and wear. The main Strapworks carries a large selection of nylon webbing products to choose from including flat nylon webbing, military style, seatbelt webbings, mil spec 4088, tubular nylon webbing, scuba style and tape. Nylon Webbing absorbs water and has the potential to stretch and weaken when wet for extended periods of time, so it might not be the best choice for all outdoor projects. From seat belts to military and hiking gear, webbing is the go-to choice. The customization potential for lanyards is extensive; they can Feb 20, 2014 · This webbing is perfect for medium duty applications. This DMM testing in the link below shows failure of Dyeema in fall factor 1 & 2 and nylon performed better. These materials offer good resistance to moisture, UV exposure, and abrasion. May 6, 2023 · Tubular webbing features a round, tubular shape that is created by weaving a flat strip of material into a tube. Is Nylon Or Polyester Better For Summer? Aug 15, 2019 · The webbing is stiff. for a reason Jan 18, 2005 · Flat is stronger, but for this application it doesn't matter. We also recommend Hollow Braid Nylon Rope as barrier ropes and Double-Braided Nylon Core Rope for tree work. On the other hand, flat nylon webbing is the go-to for applications like cargo straps, where even weight distribution is key. Available widths for majority tubular webbing comprise 1″ and 5/8″. Tubular webbing is the product of choice for slackline webbing and nylon climbing webbing. Different weave styles endow webbing with different characteristics, which means that we styles should not be used interchangeably. Mar 21, 2024 · Nylon stands out for its high tensile strength and glossy finish, which makes graphics stand out. And, if you take a beginning mountaineering course, and everybody is using wide nylon, there’s often enough color options to tell your sling apart from others. The stretch of a nylon sling at capacity is approximately 8-10%. Jun 5, 2019 · Most UIAA-rated webbing is the 1” tubular variety and has a strength rating of around 18kN. It has a thickness of . Tubular Webbing and Flat Webbing. The most common size is 1 inch in width. At . Both of these fabrics are extremely durable and can hold a lot of weight. S. Used in parachutes, packs, cargo nets, and other important gear, military webbing has many features that distinguish it from average nylon webbing. Polyester webbing can be wet and still be a very strong webbing. Acid Burns damage the outer jacket of both Nylon and Polyester slings; if a strong enough acid is involved it can expose the inner fibres and damage them. . Climbing webbing's tubular geometry makes it stronger and more durable than a similar width of flat webbing. About a year ago we tossed our hose rope tools for webbing and so webbing was available for rescue on the fireground. Bulk webbing is marketed in spools or in zones. Flat-shaped nylon webbing is often sewn into larger products, like seatbelts, reinforcement bindings, and straps. Tubular is pressed flat so it looks like normal nylon webbing, but it is actually hollowed out. It doesn't stretch much, even in water. Aug 27, 2021 · By contrast, there are many different types of nylon rope ranging from cheap nylon twine to high-strength nylon climbing ropes. Webbing is a strong fabric woven as a flat strip or tube of varying widths and fibers you use for things like hammock suspension, securing tarps, and as tree straps. The tensile strength of the 1" tubular nylon I have seen on Amazon is 4000 lbs, compared to 4200 lbs for 1" heavy nylon webbing (non-tubular). For example, following ASTM International standards, independent testing often shows that a 1-inch nylon strap can achieve a breaking strength of around 3,000 to 4,000 pounds. Tubular Webbing. 7 out of 5 stars 598 It is stronger than flat webbing and is commonly used in industrial applications or for prolonged weight-bearing activities such as climbing or aerial performances. Unlike rope, webbing can be fabricated into highly lightweight components. Jan 13, 2022 · Flat Webbing vs. One major advantage of Tubular Webbing is that it ties in knots easier than flat webbing Nylon webbing is made of nylon fibers that are known for their strength, durability, and high resistance to wear and tear. It is one of the most versatile products used in all industries, from automobile (seatbelts) and furniture, to towing and pet products. Tubular webbing is much stronger than flat webbing (which you might find on the straps of your backpack) due to the extra (doubled Contact Jontay, they're great about giving out samples and carry a lot of variety of mil-spec webbing, from the cushier 55301 to tubular webbing to 17337 in a normal and thin version. Nylon 6 is the strongest fire-resistant fabric with a denier range of 1,000-3,000. However, flat webbing is very limited in its uses. Stay tuned for a followup. Tubular webbing is overkill, and heavier than grosgrain Other than that, it should work fine. → 100% NYLON - This webbing is double-thickness 100% nylon, tubular webbing. While we are not suppose to fall directly on Dyneema slings and these test are worst case, it seems like nylon is the better material, but people like Dyneema because it's l It consists of a flat strip or tube of woven fabric designed to be lightweight yet durable. Nylon Webbing Strap: A nylon webbing strap is renowned for its high tensile strength. Full Spools, cut lengths. This tubular webbing is less susceptible to wear and tear, therefore, that is highly reliable for handling dynamic functions and is particularly used in safety harnesses, coverings, filters, hoses, or particular parachute applications. Tubular webbing is much more flexible than flat webbing. . Tubular webbing consists of a flattened tube and is commonly used in climbing rope and industrial applications. Flat nylon webbing has a strength of 270 to 5. You should be able to get your webbing tight enough with the four carabiner method. Nylon slings have more stretch but can't be used near acids or bleaches. Nylon Webbing 1 Inch 1. Widths from 3/8” to 4” are available (varies by material type). What are the cons of round slings? X630 Nylon Webbing is a light thin sturdy nylon webbing that works great in plastic and metal hardware. Rope does a lot of the hero work like pulling a boat off of a rock, but webbing has some serious advantages. Basic Types of Webbing. Nevertheless, this article will compare tubular webbing vs flat webbing in different aspects and features. With its strength and flexibility, webbing has become an essential component in the production of a wide range of products, from outdoor gear and military equipment to pet accessories and furniture upholstery. This gives tubular webbing more strength and durability than flat webbing because it distributes the weight and stress across a wider area. For harnesses, you’re also looking at two different styles of webbing, tubular and If you are looking for webbing or strapping at great prices, shop our selections of nylon, polyester and polypropylene, in the styles you want including flat, tubular, mil-spec and more! Webbing, nylon, elastic and etc. This makes nylon webbing an ideal material for making military equipment, harnesses, and belts. Jan 27, 2014 · Webbing—A fabric woven of high tenacity synthetic yarns offering suitable characteristics for use in the manufacturing of web slings. In addition, nylon is small density, light fabric good elastic. You can always put the anchors higher, or set up a 3-1 multiplier on the tail of your friction lock. " "Polyester webbing has the same great qualities as Flat Nylon webbing, with a couple extra bonuses! Tubular nylon vs flat nylon Would just love some of what you feel are the pros and cons of the two, mainly for performance on high lines where bounce and tricking are the goal. At Webbing Products we specifically weave narrow fabrics – which is the manufacture of high-performance webbing that has a narrow width – up to and including 320mm and usually woven with a selvedge (self-finished) edge. is the prime manufacturer of cotton webbing, nylon webbing, poly webbing, webbing straps and metal hardware in the U. Two common options available in the market are webbing slings and steel slings What is the Difference Between Webbing Weave Types. It is when individual fibers are woven or knitted together to make a webbed strap. Mar 1, 2023 · In every climber’s conversation, it is still debated which is better between the two. With all that said. Great customer service and if you aren't buying wholesale amounts they offer very nicely-priced half and quarter-rolls without requiring a wholesale/reseller's cert. Tubular style webbing is often thicker and more flexible than flat webbing. Like Polypropylene, Nylon Webbing can be finished using heat. 5 Inch, Heavy Duty Nylon Webbing Strap 12 Yard, Durable Nylon Strapping for Indoor or Outdoor Gear, DIY Crafting, Repairing, (Black, 12 Yard) 4. Webbing Types. Apr 18, 2024 · Frequently Asked Questions For Polyester Vs Nylon Which Is Better Nylon Or Polyester? Both nylon and polyester have their own unique benefits. and its the only webbing i know of that can cut through its self with friction it is 20th century standard. It is soft and pliable, allowing for more uses than flat webbing. The webbing is resistant to most types of cutting and tearing including abrasion. Such patterns and weave types include plain, pebble, twill, herringbone, satin and tubular. Tubular – Generally thicker, this type is known to be more flexible than flat webbing. Webbing typically takes a flat or tubular form, each designed with distinct applications in mind. its not at all uv resistant it molds it rots it stinks. Charge Cycles [at 80% DOD] One charge cycle is equal to discharging a fully charged battery up to 80% of its capacity and then fully charging it again. Webbing is used in many ways in hiking and camping gear including backpacks, straps, load adjusters and tent adjusters. Flat webbing is ideal for situations requiring secure knots. Here are a few things to consider: Webbing Type: Nylon tubular webbing can have more stretch compared to flat webbing, especially when loaded with weight. Tubular hold knots better, Overall for this application I would use tubular. Jul 6, 2018 · About this item . Many colors. thats just my opinion i only roll with poly. the 21st century industry standard for thread is polly. Some common webbing widths found on backpacks and hiking gear are: Mar 17, 2015 · The suggested stitching schedules include a 50-percent margin, beyond what was determined by testing, so it is probable that the splice will maintain the same approximate strength as the webbing strength for the three- to five-year life of the webbing. As mentioned, tubular webbing is made by weaving a flat webbing into a tube shape, while standard webbing is made using a simple, flat weave. Feb 19, 2024 · Flat webbing is also more abrasion-resistant than tubular webbing, making it a better choice for applications where the webbing will be exposed to rough surfaces or wear and tear. Flat Webbing: Advantages: Flat webbing is typically stronger than tubular webbing of the same width and See full list on sailrite. Add the perfect webbing to your cart today! Oct 13, 2022 · dremel cut-off wheel sizes Need Help?. Flat webbing is typically used in the form of anchor straps which provide a strong easily constructed anchor. Given that 7/8" grosgrain is $3 a spool (18') I don't see why not to use it The webbing you linked to appears to be nylon tubular webbing, which does have some stretch inherent to its material. Durability. 500 pounds per one-inch width. 100% Satisfaction Guarantee Flat nylon webbing is one of the most durable, heavy duty webbing materials available. com Mar 21, 2013 · Polyester webbing as a lower breaking point when compared to nylon webbing of the same type. Nylon is more durable and moisture-resistant, while polyester offers better color retention. Cotton provides a softer texture for increased comfort during prolonged use. Most traditional climbers bring extra portions of webbing to make custom-length slings for expanding or assembling an anchor. Manufacturers: Rescue Technology, Murdock, Tapecraft, Narricott Oct 2, 2023 · Try Nylon Webbing for items like backpack straps, sporting goods, lanyards, pet collars, leashes, and more. Flat webbing Flat webbing is commonly used in building etriers and personal anchoring systems. As a result, tubular webbing is often used in high-stress applications, such as climbing Tubular Webbing – That is generally thicker and more flexible than this flat webbing. Both webbing and tape are constructed from varied materials, including polypro fabrics, polyester, and nylon webbing. It is about 90% as durable as nylon, and it is one of the most UV-stable webbings available. Dec 6, 2021 · These are usually going to be made out of polyester or nylon. Understanding the different types of webbing available is crucial for selecting the Aug 30, 2023 · There are two types of webbing that you can select from: tubular and flat webbing. Save big when you shop webbing on Alibaba. Both types boast a high tensile strength, but there are nuances. 1 inch is the standard width for making anchors. I've used tubular nylon webbing for climbing and remember it being much more limber. Its overall smooth finish and slightly shiny appearance, make it attractive for many applications from hand bags to heavy rucksacks and backpacks. Try typing in something cryptic like "webbing vs. Nylon is shiny darkness,bright colorful ,feeling stiff,but this webbing wear or tear is more stronger that other webbing. Tubular webbing is a circular nylon “tube” (three dimensional) sewn flat (now two dimensional) for ease of use. Simplified untying after heavy loads. The 4 Main Types of Webbing. tubular nylon webbing in our comprehensive guide. As the […] Oct 2, 2019 · However, nylon slings are not suitable for use with acids and bleaching agents, or at temperatures in excess of 194°F. Jan 7, 2013 · I'm shopping for recovery harness material for a HPR scratch build using 4" blue tube. 10/2. The Gibbon classic is an "actual" truck strap. Jun 15, 2020 · Bottom Line: Nylon slings could be made as skinny, safer dynamically and less expensive than Dyneema. The Difference Between Flat & Tubular Webbing. With similar tensile strength ratings, what are the Flat webbing is usually employed for replacing back straps, creating your etriers or lashing down equipment. Webbing built to climbing specifications is heavier, thicker, and slicker than military spec webbing. So going with the climbing nylon was a good move. Polyester slings are softer and hug to load surfaces better but can't be used near ethers or alkalis. Jul 22, 2007 · What the difference between tubular webbing and "regular" webbing? Dec 6, 2024 · Cost-wise, flat webbing is typically more economical to produce, whereas tubular webbing, due to its more complex manufacturing process, might come at a slightly higher price. It has worked OK, but I would have both webbing and a rope hose tool available. Nylon is certainly much cheaper and easier to cut. Polypropylene Rope. It can withstand temperatures up to 356° Fahrenheit without decomposing or destruction. the weight rating for nylon is only for when it is new. Webbing fabric - strapworks. Flat Webbing - This type of webbing is also known as solid The tubular webbing is an "actual" slackline. Discover the versatility of tubular webbing in our comprehensive guide. Its suppleness allows for: Easier knot setting. Nylon vs Polyester Webbing Nylon webbing became well known during the 1940s to use on a variety of military goods but is not as long lasting and strong as polypropylene materials. and this question has been beaten to death on just about every mountaineering, climbing, or canyoneering site out there. How webbing is weaved also differs depending on the type being used. May 30, 2023 · Webbing is a versatile and durable material that finds application in various industries and sectors. Dec 6, 2024 · Cost-wise, flat webbing is typically more economical to produce, whereas tubular webbing, due to its more complex manufacturing process, might come at a slightly higher price. Webbing Strength Rating —The minimum strength of webbing, expressed in pounds per inch (or kilograms per centimeter) of webbing width. Tubular Webbing has an increased overall strength-per-inch which makes it as strong, if not stronger, than flat webbing. Tubular webbing Tubular webbing forms a tubular shape, making it stronger and easier to tie knots and have them hold better. 060 of an inch and its breaking strength ranges from 675lbs. Sep 20, 2012 · Tubular webbing of one-inch width can take about 4,000 pounds of pressure before breaking. Each type has its own advantages and best use cases. However, they generally offer slightly better protection to the load. it degrades way too fast. Specialized Webbing for Rope Rescue. Feb 15, 2016 · Webbing is a strong fabric woven as a flat strip or tube of varying widths and fibers often used in place of rope. Strapworks carries a large selection of nylon webbing products to choose from including flat nylon webbing, military style, seatbelt webbings, mil spec 4088, tubular nylon webbing, scuba style and tape. com. Nylon webbing will stretch while it is damp or wet. Ultimately, the choice depends on the specific needs of the user. When it comes to finding a reliable webbing supplier, it's important to choose a company that offers a wide selection of high-quality webbing options, including both Even though flat webbing can be remarkably strong, it is not as tough as tubular webbing of the same size. Military webbing is one of the toughest types of webbing available. This difference in construction means that tubular webbing is more rigid and provides a better grip, while If you're interested in nylon or poly webbing, let us be your first call. Used for a diverse range of applications—from pet collars to climbing harnesses to child safety equipment—nylon webbing offers high tensile strength, is resistant to mildew, aging, and abrasion, and has a relatively high melting point. If the cam buckle has enough clearance in the specs for the listed thickness it should fit. cord" and see what comes up. For nylon or polyester webbing, nylon or polyester thread is recommended. 1 inch is the typical width for creating anchors, while 5/8″ is frequently utilized to make home made slings. Nylon was the first commercially available synthetic fibre known for specific advantages such as high colour retention, high tensile strength and durability. and 7,000 lbs. A flat tubular is less Shop for Tubular Webbing at REI - Browse our extensive selection of trusted outdoor brands and high-quality recreation gear. BlueWater 1 inch spool webbing colors National Webbing Products Co. Polypropylene webbing resists degradation from glues and solvents to provide a material that withstands harsh treatment. There are primarily two common types of webbing: flat webbing and tubular webbing. 5 mm it may be thicker than tubular webbing. Apr 16, 2021 · nylon sucks. Apr 19, 2024 · It's not just about how much weight they can handle—nylon also has better tensile strength, ranging from 75,000 to 150,000 psi, whereas polyester scores between 30,000 to 50,000 psi. Both styles come in the same format and look the same. From its unique construction to its myriad applications in climbing, rescue, and DIY projects, learn why this webbing is a top choice for professionals and hobbyists alike. It’s ratio of strength to bulk is relatively low making it easy to store and keep a lot on your person. You can color code each length of your nylon slings so it’s easy to see what’s on your rack. While some webbing comes pre-equipped with metal D-rings for specialized anchoring and patient pickoff tasks, many professionals also opt for bulk webbing to cater to their specific needs. High strength flat and tubular rescue webbing. Nylon Webbing Local: (516) 346-4636 Browse a variety of wholesale polyester vs nylon webbing that are perfect for backpack straps, seat belts, climbing equipment, and more. And while polyester isn’t quite as elastic as nylon usually is, it can still stretch enough to support a full-grown person. Nylon webbing is much weaker when it is wet, however. Polyester and nylon webbing materials have different chemical resistance properties. Our company's products and the level of profit making tax are among the best in the industry and the tubular vs flat webbing are sold well all over the country and overseas. Aug 18, 2019 · Nylon. Each of our development direction will drive the overall change and market orientation of the multicam vs woodland, three point sling, black reflective fabric industry, and lead the pace of development of this industry. I do not have any experience with tubular webbing to compare the two products. ncsv gwt soy cci bjxt pyp hjm ctqj qekwmx qvhooqm cbimra eaet nhbut wcotnke ihsrr